NJIRA, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti HPTN 112, ndi kafukufuku wofuna kudziwa za kuvomerezedwa, zopindulitsa, ndi zokhudzana ndi mtengo pogwiritsira ntchito othandizira anzawo (monga makochi kapena apangiri) kuti athandizire kugwiritsa ntchito PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) mu kupewa HIV. Kafukufukuyu akuyang’ana kwambiri amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe akulandira chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana pogonana (STIs) ku Lilongwe, Malawi.
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV chachepa, kupita patsogolo kothetsa mliriwu kwachedwa. Popanda katemera, ntchito zopewera HIV zimakhalabe zofunikira. Kuyesetsa kumeneku kukuphatikizapo kupereka chithandizo cha kachirombo ka HIV kwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndikuwonetsetsa kuti PrEP akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha pakati pa anthu omwe ali pa chiwopsezo chotengera kachilombo ka HIV. Zovuta monga kusowa kwa kutumiza ku zithandizo zina ndi kuchepa kwa + kusagwiritsa PrEP mokhazikika kwalepheretsa zotsatira za PrEP pakupewa HIV. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kachilombo ka HIV ndikuwalumikiza ku mapulogalamu opewera.
Zokhudza Kafukufuku
Ngati mutalowa nawo kafukufuku wa HTPN 112 (NJIRA), mudzayikidwa mwa maere ku mbali ya Kafukufuku ya Chisamaliro cha nthawi zonse kapena Kuchitapo kanthu, ndi amuna ochuluka kuwirikiza kawiri pamapeto pake adzalowa nawo mbali ya Kuchitapo Kanthu ya Kafukufuku. Zokhudza Chisamaliro cha nthawi zonse, paulendo uliwonse mudzayankha mafunso ndikupereka zoyesa za magazi ndi mkodzo (za matenda opatsirana pogonana, kuphatikizapo HIV). Ngati mutalowa nawo gawo la Kuchitapo kanthu la Kafukufuku, mudzakhalanso ndi kuphunzitsa /upangiri kuchokera kwa wothandizira anzawo pamitu monga momwe mungakhalire pa PrEP, zomwe zingakulepheretseni kukhalabe pa PrEP, kapena momwe mungayambitsirenso pa PrEP.
Odzipereka okha a kafukufuku adzatsatiridwa kwa milungu yosachepera 26 mpaka masabata 52, otsimikiziridwa panthawi yolembetsa. Maulendo akafukufuku amachitika pafupifupi miyezi itatu iliyonse, pamaulendo atatu mpaka asanu (kuphatikiza ulendo wolembetsa).
Ndani Ali Woyenerera?
NJIRA (HPTN 112) ikufuna kulemba amuna pafupifupi 200 ku Malawi omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omwe amapatsidwa umuna pobadwa, omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito PrEP.
PrEP ndi chiyani?
PrEP amayimira “pre-exposure prophylaxis”. Prophylaxis amatanthauza kupewa, kotero pre-exposure prophylaxis imatanthawuza kupewa musanawonekere. PrEP ndi njira yopewera kachirombo ka HIV komwe kumwa mankhwala oletsa kachilombo ka HIV asanakumane ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumathandiza kupewa HIV mwa anthu omwe alibe kachilomboka. Pali mitundu ingapo ya PrEP ndipo zonse zikupezeka ku Chipatala cha matenda opatsirana pogonana cha Bwaila.
Truvada
Truvada ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) pofuna kupewa HIV. Ndi piritsi lomwe limatengedwa kamodzi patsiku musanakumane ndi kachilombo ka HIV kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka. Truvada idavomerezedwa ku Malawi ku PrEP mu 2017. Piritsi ili lili ndi mankhwala awiri odana ndi HIV: emtricitabine (FTC) ndi tenofovir (TDF). Truvada amagwira ntchito poletsa kachilombo ka HIV kuti zisafanane. Mukamwa piritsili tsiku lililonse ndikukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kachilomboka kamatha kufa kasanachuluke m’thupi mwanu kotero kuti sizingatheke kuti mutenge kachilombo ka HIV.
Cabotegravir (CAB-LA)
CAB-LA ndi mtundu wakale wa PrEP, yemwe amaperekedwa ngati jekeseni wa mu mnofu. Majekeseni awiri oyambirira amapatsidwa milungu inayi motalikirana, kenako jekeseni milungu isanu ndi itatu iliyonse. CAB-LA yasonyezedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kwambiri pakati pa amayi a cisgender, amuna a cisgender omwe amagonana ndi amuna, ndi akazi a transgender omwe amagonana ndi amuna mu maphunziro awiri ofufuza, HPTN 083 ndi HPTN 084. Mu 2022, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Malawi udavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito CAB-LA popewa HIV. Pa 28 February 2024, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Malawi udalengeza za kutulutsidwa kwa CAB-LA pofuna kuchepetsa kufala kwa kachilombo ka HIV mdziko muno.
HPTN ndi chiyani?
Bungwe la HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) ndi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lochita akafukufuku azachipatala lomwe limasonkhanitsa ofufuza, akatswiri azamakhalidwe, anthu ammudzi, ndi anzawo ena kuti apange ndikuyesa chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya njira zopewera kutenga ndi kufala kwa HIV. Kafukufukuyu akuyendetsedwa ndi bungwe la HPTN mogwirizana ndi malo ofufuza zachipatala a UNC Project Malawi ku Lilongwe, Malawi. Malo ofufuza zachipatala a UNC Project Malawi akuwunika ndikulemba anthu odzipereka ochokera ku chipatala cha Bwaila STI Clinic.
